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"COVID-2019,” a recently emerged novel coronavirus disease, is causing serious health issues to the public and becoming more and more fatal every next day. On December 31, 2019, low respiratory infection cases were detected in Wuhan, China, which is in China's Hubei province. The cases were reported to the WHO Office of China and they could not identify the agents for the cause. The first cases were classified to be "pneumonia of unknown etiology.” The investigation program was initiated by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The etiology of the disease was attributed to a novel virus of the coronavirus (CoV) family. Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, WHO Director-General, called the disease caused by this CoV the "COVID-19,” which is an acronym for "coronavirus disease 2019.” It is found that "COVID-19” is caused by bête-coronavirus named "severe acute coronavirus-2” (SARS-CoV-2). It belongs to those virus families that appear as pneumonia in the human body. It affects the lower respiratory tract badly. This virus has been identified as another version of the family of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) [1, 2]. SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV possess similarity with them. They have differences in genotypic and phenotypic structure that guide their pathogenesis. So far, as per the findings, this virus originated in bats. It reached humans through contact with unknown animals. The transmission of this virus among humans is via direct contacts, inhalation of infected droplets, and contaminated hands and surfaces. Some of the symptoms of this disease are cough, sore cough, fever, fatigue, and dyspnea/breathlessness. The remedy of this disease is to diagnose the infection at the initial stage, supportive treatment to survive, self-quarantines, mass-quarantines, etc. This paper presents a systematic review of the origin of coronavirus, its types, transmissions, symptoms, and the current developments in diagnosing testing and vaccine trials. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022.
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This review paper explores the relationship between Psychological Well-being and Satisfaction with Life with special focus on the literature related to COVID-19. Very few studies although have been carried out during the period March 2020 to Dec 2020. The pandemic has adversely influenced people especially the doctors who work under immense stress. There is ample literature available on the variables psychological wellbeing and satisfaction with life, but in different contexts. The aim of this paper is to suggest the gaps thus identified by reviewing the past studies carried out in this domain and suggest a hypothetical model which can be further tested in future studies.Copyright © 2020 Ubiquity Press. All rights reserved.
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Background: 49 patients underwent Lung Biopsy due to different indications and Post-COVID Pulmonary Fibrosis(PCPF) was suspected in 25 patients. Objective(s): To document the evidence of PCPF in patients with history of suspected COVID 19 infection (in past oneyear) through Transbronchial Lung Biopsy(TBLB)with flexible bronchoscopy. PFT and HRCT gave variedpresentation. Method(s): we have evaluated patients who underwent Lung Biopsy on flexible Bronchoscopy between 08/07/2021 till31/01/2022 at Metro Hospitals and Heath Institute, Meerut, UP, India. The history of exposure to COVID 19 infectionwas taken. Most of these patients underwent Echocardiography (ECHO) for Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF)and Pulmonary Artery Pressure (PAH), Pulmonary Function Test (PFT) and High Resolution CT Scan Chest (HRCTChest). Result(s): 49 patients underwent Lung Biopsy. 25 patients gave the history of exposure to COVID 19 infection with complaint of breathlessness and chest discomfort in the last 1 year. HRCT chest was suggestive of Atelectasis in 3 patients, Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) in 6, Fibrosis in 8, Pulmonary Nodules in 4 and HRCT was not done in 4 patients. PFT showed Mixed Ventilator Defect in 8, Obstructive in 3, Restrictive in 7, small airway disease in 1 and 6 patients couldn't perform PFT. PAH was normal for 6,mild for 16, moderate for 2 and 1 severe. 4 patients had Coronary Artery Disease. 2 patients had major complications like pneumothorax who underwent TBLB. Conclusion(s): PCPF was detected with the help of TBLB in the patients with history of exposure to COVID 19 infection. However, TBLB may cause major complication like pneumothorax seen in 8% cases.
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The paper provides the basic concept of meta-analysis and its literature. We demonstrate how the meta-analysis is used in a practical approach and especially tends to the human dimension research technique. In the present scenario, social scientists have dared to improve how they access summarize and convey a reference to the health indicator used in health policy. Meta-analysis provides a systematic review of existing research using data from different field studies. Dynamic meta-analysis would ensure the policymaker uses the information and perform the best approximate analysis relevant to the context of new policy used for public health research, social science and life science. Especially in this paper, we analyze the definition of meta-analysis and discuss the various steps used in meta-analysis for analysis and use this interpretation to improve the health policy. We discussed the merits of meta-analysis and did the statistical analysis of the five countries of the pandemic Covid-19 from the total data for 2020 and 2021. © 2022 DAV College. All rights reserved.
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Artificial intelligence (AI) has a great impact on our daily living and makes our lives more efficient and productive. Especially during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, AI has played a key role in response to the global health crisis. There has been a boom in AI innovation and its use since the pandemic. However, despite its widespread adoption and great potential, most people have little knowledge of AI concepts and realization of its potential. The objective of this white paper is to communicate the importance of AI and its benefits to society. The report covers AI applications in six different topics from medicine (AI deployment in clinical settings, imaging and diagnostics, and acceleration of drug discovery) to more social aspects (support older adults in long-term care homes, and AI in supporting small and medium enterprises. The report ends with nine steps to consider for moving forward with AI implementation during and post pandemic period. These include legal and ethical data collection and storage, greater data access, multidisciplinary collaboration, and policy reform.
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Schizophrenia is a debilitating, genetic brain condition caused by anomalies that appear early in infancy and interrupt normal brain development. It has a lifetime risk of 1% and affects people of all ages, with around 10% dying by suicide. COVID-19 may raise the risk of mortality and morbidity in people with schizophrenia. Although antipsychotic medications of the first, second, and third generations are the most commonly prescribed treatments for schizophrenia, they are linked to major side effects such as tardive dyskinesia, oxidative stress, and EPS. Ayurvedic herbal medications and some dietary supplements score well in this category since they can be taken for a long time without causing major adverse effects and have antioxidant properties. Low potency first generation antipsychotics, sedating antihistamines, and benzodiazepines, as well as inhalable antipsychotics, oral and short acting injectable olanzapine, and ziprasidone, as well as low potency first generation antipsychotics, sedating antihistamines, and benzodiazepines, should be avoided or closely monitored for patients with COVID-19. Mentally ill patients with COVID-19 should be segregated if at all possible, and employees should be adequately protected.
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The global pandemic of COVID-19, has impacted various sectors around the globe, including education sector. It has compelled the educators and learners to go for the teaching/learning activities in online mode, rather than traditional face to face teaching. The technology-enabled interactions can be effective only when the student teacher bonding is created and the sentiments of the learners are understood fully. To be prepared for such outbreaks in future is the need of hour. The study imbibes the role of sentiment analysis with the introduction of what it means and how it can help in such outbreaks in an online learning environment. Recently few studies are being contributed for covering the various aspects of this evolving area of sentiment analysis. The literature however is scattered and unorganized, therefore there is a need to conduct a systematic literature review to compile all the relevant studies together and to arrange it in a framework. This paper attempts towards this to provide better insight on the usage of sentiment analysis for education sector. The outcome of this paper is a step towards proposal of future areas of the research in this emerging field. © 2021, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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Background: This study aimed to highlight the primary endpoint of death and to understand the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 infection in the rural community of Chittorgarh, Rajasthan, India. Method: This was a retrospective, observational study of COVID-19 patients from March to June 2020 that collected and analysed epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and radiological data. Results: In 353 patients, COVID-19 affected all age groups, mainly those aged 16–49 years, followed by those aged 50–64 years;82.43% were male;68% of infected patients were asymptomatic at presentation and were incidentally positive on contact tracing. Among symptomatic cases, fever (88%) was the most common symptom;of 14 severe COVID-19 patients with pneumonia, 8 died. Leukopenia, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, and abnormal liver function tests were common lab findings. Thirty patients had radiographic evidence of pneumonia. The most common complications were acute respiratory distress syndrome, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, and kidney injury. The case fatality rate was 0.02%, and the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score>6 was a surrogate marker for admittance to the intensive care unit. Conclusion: Low case fatality rate and SOFA score surrogate for ICU admittance.
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Pollution-free rivers give indication of a healthy ecosystem. The stretch of Tawi river particularly in the Jammu city is experiencing pollution load and the quality is degraded. The present study highlights the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on the water quality of Tawi river in Jammu, J&K Union Territory. Water quality data based upon the real-time water monitoring for four locations (Below Tawi Bridge, Bhagwati Nagar, Belicharana and Surajpur) have been obtained from the web link of Jammu and Kashmir Pollution Control Board. The important parameters used in the present study include pH, alkalinity, hardness, conductivity, BOD and COD. The river was designated fit for bathing in all the monitoring locations except Bhagwati Nagar which recorded a BOD value >5 mg/L because of domestic sewage and municipal waste dumping. The overall water quality in the river during lockdown was good and falls in Class B with pH (7.0-8.5), alkalinity (23.25-185.0 mg/L), hardness (84.25-177.5 mg/L), conductivity (117-268 ms/cm). The improved water quality obtained during lockdown is never long-lasting as evident from the BOD and COD values observed during Unlock 1.0 due to accelerated anthropogenic activities in response to overcoming the economic loss, bringing the river water quality back to the degraded state. The statistical analysis known as cluster analysis has also been performed to evaluate the homogeneity of various monitoring sites based on the physicochemical variables. The need of the hour is to address the gaps of rejuvenation strategies and work over them for effective river resiliency and for sustainable river basin management.
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Securities exchange is one of the most adaptable parts in the budgetary framework of a country, and Stock Market assumes a significant job in economic advancement. Securities exchange is a center point where facilities are given to the speculators to buy and sell their Shares, Bonds and Debenture and so forth. In Stock Market different organizations are inclined to their undertaking through public issuesBombay Stock Exchange (BSE), the National Stock Exchange (NSE) and the Calcutta Stock Exchange (CSE) are the recorded stock market in India. These three are biggest Indian Stock Market. But now Indian economy is facing a problem i.e. Corona virus. Corona virus or COVID19 are an enormous group of infections that can cause sicknesses running generally in seriousness. Its 1st case was recorded in Wuhan city, China. After that the disease spreads around the world and on 21st January 2020, India records its first case of COVID19. This virus has drastically affected the world's economy. Before corona virus phase, average NSE index nifty 50 was near to 12000 points and BSE SENSEX was around 41000 points. But from 21st January to 31st march, NIFTY 50 and SENSEX were massively down by 31.954% and 31.1769% respectively.
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Uttarakhand is bestowed with ample sunshine throughout the year, making solar power generation successful in the state. Despite the rapid scaling up of Solar Rooftop Systems connected to the grid in recent years, the actual benefits to residential consumers in the long run for using this technology has not been assessed. It is important for policy makers to fully recognizes which policy, or combination of policies, promoting solar PV applications has the greatest economic benefit. This paper aims to evaluate the impact of Uttarakhand state solar policy on residential consumers opting to install Rooftop solar systems connected to grid under net metering arrangement. Real-time energy consumption and generation data for 60 residential consumers have been studied to monitor cost benefit analysis of installed projects. The result shows the impact of policy is high on three factors;Monitory savings due to export of extra units generated, mitigation of issues of migration of local people from hills to cities in search of livelihood options and reduction in CO2 emissions due to clean generation in the state. © 2020, Central Board of Irrigation and Power. All rights reserved.